美國物流模式強調"整(zheng)體(ti)化的物流管理(li)系統(tong)"，是一種(zhong)以整(zheng)體(ti)利益為重，沖破按部門分管的體(ti)制，從整(zheng)體(ti)進(jin)行(xing)統(tong)一規劃(hua)管理(li)的方式。從上(shang)世紀60年(nian)代起，商品(pin)配送合理(li)化在(zai)發達國家普(pu)遍得到重視。
（1）在(zai)市場營銷(xiao)方面
物(wu)流(liu)管理(li)含分(fen)配計劃、運(yun)輸、倉儲、市場研(yan)究、為用戶服務五個過程。
（2）在流通和(he)服務(wu)方面
在(zai)物(wu)流管理過(guo)程(cheng)含需求預測、訂貨過(guo)程(cheng)、原(yuan)材料購買(mai)、加工過(guo)程(cheng)，即從原(yuan)材料購買(mai)直至送(song)達顧客的(de)全部物(wu)資(zi)流通(tong)過(guo)程(cheng)。
物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象、目標(biao)和(he)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian) （一(yi)(yi)）對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象： 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)象是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)目標(biao)決(jue)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角度(du)(du)(du)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)上(shang)述系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。 （二）目標(biao)： 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)概述為：運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)，根據(ju)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)復雜物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)提高(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，更(geng)好地服務(wu)于(yu)人類(lei)社(she)會。 （三(san)）特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)： 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)具(ju)(ju)備自(zi)然(ran)(ran)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)社(she)會科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)相(xiang)互交(jiao)(jiao)叉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)征。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，不(bu)(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)邏輯(ji)(ji)推理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)邏輯(ji)(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)，同時，也(ye)(ye)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)模(mo)型化(hua)(hua)、仿真(zhen)(zhen)與(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)量計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)與(yu)(yu)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。 編輯(ji)(ji)本(ben)段物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)涵 國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)著名(ming)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)億博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)咨詢(xun)公司總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)謝(xie)勤提 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua) 出，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)諸多(duo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)諸多(duo)標(biao)準和(he)含義(yi)，從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)來研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)略是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)正意義(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)內(nei)(nei)。 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)魂，規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)優劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先決(jue)條(tiao)件，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提供(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)軟件和(he)硬(ying)件平(ping)臺。一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)僅留在(zai)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)階段，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)來實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)成整個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)件設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、制造、安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、調(diao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，同時也(ye)(ye)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)軟件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)慮其經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟性(xing)(xing)(xing)指標(biao)，又要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)慮技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。因(yin)此(ci)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)作為其理(li)(li)(li)(li)論基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，也(ye)(ye)有(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透。 編輯(ji)(ji)本(ben)段物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei) 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)撐物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)成總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大類(lei)。 （一(yi)(yi)）具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong) 可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)細分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)領(ling)域(yu)： 1、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)材料、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)形(xing)(xing)成各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步支(zhi)(zhi)撐物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。 包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)成一(yi)(yi)般(ban)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩大領(ling)域(yu)。支(zhi)(zhi)撐物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)被包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)防護性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)便(bian)(bian)于(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)操作兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)功能(neng)。雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)也(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結合(he)(he)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)慮商品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促銷(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)潢(huang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，但那不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)。 集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向(xiang)(xiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。很(hen)多(duo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)者認為，集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)再屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)完(wan)全(quan)(quan)獨立形(xing)(xing)成體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)括托(tuo)盤工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)及其它集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 2、儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)倉庫和(he)其它存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)使儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)環(huan)節(jie)按物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作。 儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)領(ling)域(yu)向(xiang)(xiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展最(zui)強(qiang)勁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)領(ling)域(yu)。高(gao)層(ceng)立體(ti)(ti)貨架(jia)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)(hua)存(cun)(cun)(cun)取系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、無人搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)。 3、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)含了(le)(le)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)領(ling)域(yu)，并從現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)角度(du)(du)(du)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)大幅度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升。除了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公路運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、鐵(tie)路運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、航空運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)外(wai)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)別重(zhong)(zhong)視不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、最(zui)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)(he)，出 相(xiang)關(guan)書籍 現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)\門到(dao)門\、\庫到(dao)庫\ 甚至(zhi)(zhi)\線到(dao)線\的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。在(zai)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)，出現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)跨(kua)越不(bu)(bu)同傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)\駝背運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)\、\滾裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)\"、\"多(duo)式(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)\"等(deng)(deng)(deng)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。 4、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)機(ji)具(ju)(ju)及設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備，以(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)轉變(bian)和(he)場所內(nei)(nei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間移動(dong)。 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)常是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)或附屬(shu)(shu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)大量物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而言(yan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)相(xiang)當(dang)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。例如港口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、煤炭(tan)、礦石裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，大型倉庫、火車站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 5、配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)中(zhong)(zhong)心、配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終送(song)(song)到(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)。 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)曾經(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)組(zu)成部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)末端輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。由(you)(you)于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)有(you)別于(yu)干線輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，同時，現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)社(she)會對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)服務(wu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)調(diao)，又需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)別構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)直接面(mian)向(xiang)(xiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)近(jin)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)別引起物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)界重(zhong)(zhong)視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。 配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)還在(zai)于(yu)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直接和(he)電子商務(wu)連成一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，所以(yi)與(yu)(yu)新(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)更(geng)為密切。 配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)新(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)\"零庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)\"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所依賴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備、網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。 6、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)，提高(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附加(jia)(jia)價值(zhi)和(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)操作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)(bian)利(li)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)。 流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所依托(tuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備，源于(yu)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)領(ling)域(yu)，由(you)(you)于(yu)被流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)涉及面(mian)廣(guang)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)非常復雜。 比較重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)：冷(leng)鏈工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)混(hun)凝土工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、鋼板(ban)剪板(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 7、供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)，建(jian)立新(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)秩序。 供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)前發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)別致力(li)(li)于(yu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，也(ye)(ye)受(shou)到(dao)了(le)(le)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視。 供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依托(tuo)四(si)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)活(huo)動(dong)：完(wan)善網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、柔性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、精密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)買(mai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟體(ti)(ti)制。不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)全(quan)(quan)部或部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)含上(shang)述各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)見這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)(xing)(xing)及其難度(du)(du)(du)。 （二）總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong) 以(yi)它所起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)而言(yan)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)撐各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)活(huo)動(dong)，支(zhi)(zhi)撐各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)臺系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)平(ping)臺系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)由(you)(you)兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)而成： 1、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)大范圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成、收集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞，以(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)活(huo)動(dong)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)跨(kua)地區、大范圍(wei)(wei)、多(duo)結點(dian)(dian)，因(yin)此(ci)，只有(you)在(zai)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)下(xia)(xia)，才會解決(jue)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)問題，因(yin)此(ci)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)維持(chi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么龐大而且復雜系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)缺乏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段。 除了(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，決(jue)策支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、庫存(cun)(cun)(cun)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)碼系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)外(wai)，全(quan)(quan)球衛星定(ding)(ding)位(wei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、遠程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)據(ju)交(jiao)(jiao)換系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)銷(xiao)配(pei)(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，近(jin)年(nian)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)別受(shou)到(dao)人們關(guan)注(zhu)。 2、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 資(zi)源配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)終的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)，必(bi)(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素(su)，它集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)了(le)(le)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)及技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、勞動(dong)人員。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力(li)(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素(su)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)由(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)接點(dian)(dian)和(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)線路所構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)上(shang)面(mian)，并以(yi)此(ci)覆蓋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產企業(ye)、供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商、用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)。 實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)和(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)本(ben)投入(ru)領(ling)域(yu)，也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)人力(li)(li)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)力(li)(li)、能(neng)源消耗最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)域(yu)，因(yin)此(ci)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成本(ben)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)域(yu)。 實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi) [1]物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)培(pei)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)和(he)企業(ye)需(xu)求設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)。教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)寬廣(guang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，反(fan)映(ying)當(dang)代(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)領(ling)域(yu)相(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)發(fa)展前沿。攻(gong)讀物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，應(ying)(ying)獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)少于(yu)32學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，其中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)課(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)至(zhi)(zhi)少14學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，專(zhuan)業(ye)必(bi)(bi)修(xiu)(xiu)課(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)至(zhi)(zhi)少18學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。具(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)詳見如下(xia)(xia)課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)覽表。 類(lei)別 課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)稱(cheng) 學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen) 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核 方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi) 備注(zhu) 學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 位(wei) 課(ke) 程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 一(yi)(yi)、公共基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)課(ke) （1）自(zi)然(ran)(ran)辯證法(fa)(fa) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （2）科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)社(she)會主義(yi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論與(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （3）英語 4 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 二、專(zhuan)業(ye)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)課(ke) （1）運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)籌學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （2）現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （3）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （4）商務(wu)英語 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 必(bi)(bi) 修(xiu)(xiu) 課(ke) 程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 與(yu)(yu) 必(bi)(bi) 修(xiu)(xiu) 環(huan) 節(jie) 三(san)、專(zhuan)業(ye)必(bi)(bi)修(xiu)(xiu)課(ke) （1）管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 3 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （2）規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)理(li)(li)(li)(li)論（計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)調(diao)度(du)(du)(du)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)） 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （3）項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 3 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （4）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji) 3 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （5）管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)息系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （6）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （7）財務(wu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （8）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 四(si)、必(bi)(bi)修(xiu)(xiu)環(huan)節(jie) （1）學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)討 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) （2）文獻綜(zong)(zong)述與(yu)(yu)開(kai)題報告(gao) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) 選 修(xiu)(xiu) 課(ke) 五、公共選修(xiu)(xiu)課(ke) （1）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)模(mo)與(yu)(yu)仿真(zhen)(zhen) 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) （2）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) （3）國(guo)(guo)(guo)際物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) 六、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)選修(xiu)(xiu)課(ke) （由(you)(you)指導老師開(kai)1門方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)課(ke)） 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) 合(he)(he) 計(ji)(ji)(ji) 38
"國(guo)際物流成本的控制方(fang)法：
為(wei)了加強(qiang)成本(ben)管理，必須對國際物流成本(ben)進行事前控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。成本(ben)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的目(mu)的在(zai)于通過降低成本(ben)來獲取更大的利潤。
1、成(cheng)本控(kong)制的(de)(de)(de)第一步是(shi)制定成(cheng)本控(kong)制目(mu)標，即以企業的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標贏利為基準，層層分解目(mu)標成(cheng)本，將其落實(shi)到(dao)最基本的(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)單(dan)位；
2、其(qi)次是核算成本(ben)控(kong)制績效，監督、檢查(cha)實際執行狀況，分析偏差并制定控(kong)制決策；
3、最后是實施控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)措(cuo)施，滾動修正控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)目標。
影響(xiang)國際物流(liu)成本(ben)的因素主要有以下幾方面：
(1)物(wu)流合理化(hua)。
物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)合(he)理(li)化就(jiu)是使物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)設(she)備配置(zhi)和(he)一切(qie)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)活動趨于(yu)(yu)合(he)理(li)，具體表(biao)現為以盡可能低(di)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)成本獲得盡可能高(gao)的(de)(de)服務水平。對于(yu)(yu)一個(ge)企業(ye)而言，物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)合(he)理(li)化是影(ying)響物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)成本的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵因素，它直接關(guan)系到企業(ye)的(de)(de)效益，是物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)管理(li)追求的(de)(de)總目標。
物(wu)流(liu)(liu)合(he)理(li)(li)化(hua)包含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容很(hen)多，并不是簡(jian)單地局限(xian)于(yu)運輸、保管、裝(zhuang)卸、搬運、包裝(zhuang)、流(liu)(liu)通加工和(he)信息(xi)處(chu)理(li)(li)等物(wu)流(liu)(liu)要(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)(li)化(hua)。應(ying)把物(wu)流(liu)(liu)設備和(he)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)活(huo)動看做一個系統，各物(wu)流(liu)(liu)要(yao)素同處(chu)于(yu)該系統之(zhi)中，發揮(hui)著各自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能和(he)作用。比如有時提高了(le)(le)(le)運輸頻率，此(ci)時運輸成(cheng)本(ben)增(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)，而倉儲保管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)卻下(xia)降了(le)(le)(le)，并且總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)也減少了(le)(le)(le)，這就達(da)到了(le)(le)(le)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由此(ci)可見，物(wu)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)(li)化(hua)要(yao)根據實際物(wu)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)程來設計、規劃，不能單純地強調某(mou)環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)(li)、有效和(he)節(jie)省成(cheng)本(ben)，應(ying)把物(wu)流(liu)(liu)合(he)理(li)(li)化(hua)當做是整個物(wu)流(liu)(liu)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)。最優化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組成(cheng)，達(da)到最低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)。
如何設計物(wu)流(liu)服務方(fang)(fang)案，是(shi)實現物(wu)流(liu)合(he)(he)理(li)化(hua)的(de)(de)關鍵，也是(shi)降低物(wu)流(liu)成本(ben)、獲(huo)取(qu)更大“第三利(li)潤”的(de)(de)有效途徑。設計一個(ge)合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)物(wu)流(liu)服務方(fang)(fang)案，需要廣博的(de)(de)知(zhi)識及廣泛的(de)(de)調查(cha)(cha)，這里既包括運(yun)輸方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、運(yun)輸路線(xian)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)，也包括倉庫的(de)(de)選擇(ze)、貨物(wu)的(de)(de)堆(dui)碼(ma)技術等等。在這些方(fang)(fang)面加強學(xue)習，加強調查(cha)(cha)研究，積累資料，會給設計合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)物(wu)流(liu)方(fang)(fang)案提供便利(li)，使(shi)物(wu)流(liu)更為合(he)(he)理(li)化(hua)，使(shi)物(wu)流(liu)成本(ben)更小、效益更高。
(2)物流質(zhi)量。
加強物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)質量(liang)管理，是降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)途徑。只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)不(bu)斷提高(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)質量(liang)，才能(neng)(neng)不(bu)斷減少和消滅各種(zhong)差錯事故(gu)，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)各種(zhong)不(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)費用支出；只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)不(bu)斷提高(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)質量(liang)，才能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)過程的(de)(de)(de)消耗(hao)，增(zeng)加物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)贏利；只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)不(bu)斷提高(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)質量(liang)，保持良好的(de)(de)(de)信譽(yu)，才能(neng)(neng)吸(xi)引更多的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)戶，形成規模化的(de)(de)(de)集約經營，提高(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)效(xiao)率(lv)，從(cong)根本(ben)上降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)成本(ben)。
在物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)質(zhi)量管理的過程中，物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)服務質(zhi)量更(geng)是(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)企(qi)業(ye)所追求的目標(biao)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)服務是(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)成(cheng)本的一(yi)項內(nei)涵(han)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)服務質(zhi)量的好壞，直接(jie)影響(xiang)著(zhu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)企(qi)業(ye)在市場上的競(jing)爭力。
一(yi)般情(qing)況下(xia)，提高物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質量(liang)，物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本(ben)就會增(zeng)加；降(jiang)低物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質量(liang)，物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本(ben)也相應會降(jiang)低。由(you)此(ci)可見，在降(jiang)低物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本(ben)與(yu)提高物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質量(liang)之間(jian)存在著一(yi)種矛盾對立的(de)關系。所以，在確定物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)質量(liang)時，要以得(de)到用戶滿意為前提，同時兼顧物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本(ben)的(de)合理(li)，使兩者的(de)利益達(da)到協(xie)調統一(yi)。
(3)物流(liu)效(xiao)率(lv)。
提高物流(liu)(liu)效率，可以減少資金占用，縮短物流(liu)(liu)周期，降低儲存費用，從而節省物流(liu)(liu)成本。物流(liu)(liu)企業應注重(zhong)對現有的資源和(he)流(liu)(liu)程不斷進行改(gai)造(zao)，提高作業效率，同時，配置(zhi)一些基礎性的設施，如電腦(nao)、軟件、系統聯網(wang)等。
電子商(shang)務(wu)已在各(ge)行各(ge)業(ye)興起，它也應成為物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)業(ye)努力的(de)方(fang)向。將(jiang)電子商(shang)務(wu)應用(yong)于(yu)促進物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)業(ye)的(de)發展，可以(yi)節約大量的(de)人力、時間，從而(er)可以(yi)提高物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)整體效(xiao)率(lv)，并使物(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)成本(ben)降到(dao)最低。
(4)物流(liu)人才。
使物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)合理(li)(li)化(hua)、提高物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)服務質量及物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)效率，這些都(dou)需(xu)要專業的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)去(qu)(qu)做(zuo)，他們(men)(men)工(gong)作的(de)方法、態度，將(jiang)間接影響企業物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)大小。重視物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)，可以節(jie)省許多機會成(cheng)本(ben)。他們(men)(men)的(de)一個(ge)好(hao)(hao)建議或(huo)者合理(li)(li)優(you)化(hua)的(de)方案(an)，都(dou)會給企業帶來巨大的(de)效益，所(suo)以，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)是物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企業的(de)寶貴資源，是一種潛在的(de)效益。好(hao)(hao)的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企業，都(dou)由(you)一些精明能干的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)支(zhi)撐。要想發展物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，實(shi)現物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)，就(jiu)必(bi)須重視物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)培(pei)養與培(pei)訓(xun)，同時，給他們(men)(men)創(chuang)造一個(ge)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)工(gong)作環(huan)境，制定(ding)培(pei)養人(ren)才(cai)(cai)、留住人(ren)才(cai)(cai)、使用人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)管理(li)(li)辦法。通過優(you)秀物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)努(nu)力工(gong)作，去(qu)(qu)實(shi)現物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)降低，實(shi)現物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企業的(de)效益，實(shi)現物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企業的(de)現代(dai)(dai)化(hua)。
實(shi)際上，影響物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的(de)因素遠不止這些。要想(xiang)降低物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，就(jiu)必須(xu)對整個物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)進行分析，發現問題，解決(jue)問題，對物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)不斷完善。只有這樣，才能使物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)更加(jia)合理(li)化、物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)最小化。所以(yi)，降低物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、提高物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)服務質量是企業永久的(de)課題。
中美物(wu)流研究院(yuan)以培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際化(hua)、高(gao)層次、創新型的物(wu)流專業人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)為首要目標，在(zai)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)上嚴(yan)格貫穿國(guo)(guo)(guo)際視野(ye)、寬厚的理(li)論基礎及(ji)強調學(xue)生的實務經驗三(san)大理(li)念。與國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外著名高(gao)校、知(zhi)名企業以及(ji)政府進(jin)行合(he)作，不斷優化(hua)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)方案課程，力(li)(li)圖(tu)在(zai)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)體系和(he)模式(shi)上取得突破。物(wu)流院(yuan)依托上海(hai)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)大學(xue)管理(li)科(ke)學(xue)、信息技術、數字制造(zao)和(he)工(gong)業工(gong)程、航運、金融、貿(mao)易、統計(ji)學(xue)、經濟學(xue)、法律(lv)相關學(xue)科(ke)的綜合(he)優勢，積極建(jian)設現(xian)代物(wu)流科(ke)學(xue)中新興的交(jiao)(jiao)叉學(xue)科(ke)。同時(shi)吸引國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外優秀師資力(li)(li)量，努力(li)(li)打造(zao)成為一個國(guo)(guo)(guo)際化(hua)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)基地，為中國(guo)(guo)(guo)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)物(wu)流精(jing)英(ying)和(he)領袖人(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)。
學(xue)院(yuan)在“管理科學(xue)與工(gong)程(cheng)”一級學(xue)科下獨(du)立招(zhao)收(shou)與培養物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業碩士（全(quan)日(ri)制(zhi)和非全(quan)日(ri)制(zhi)）、管理科學(xue)與工(gong)程(cheng)博士。其(qi)中非全(quan)日(ri)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)自2011年(nian)(nian)起(qi)(qi)與風神物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)公司合作招(zhao)收(shou)集團班學(xue)生(sheng)，目前已招(zhao)收(shou)三屆學(xue)生(sheng)，2016年(nian)(nian)起(qi)(qi)全(quan)國取消物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)非全(quan)日(ri)制(zhi)（單證），實行(xing)全(quan)日(ri)制(zhi)和非全(quan)日(ri)制(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業碩士培養并軌（雙證），2019年(nian)(nian)起(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)并入工(gong)程(cheng)管理，自2020年(nian)(nian)起(qi)(qi)中美物(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)研究院(yuan)開始計劃(hua)招(zhao)收(shou)工(gong)程(cheng)管理碩士（MEM）。
重點(dian)研(yan)究方向：1、現代物(wu)流與供應鏈(lian)管(guan)理；２、智能(neng)制造及服務(wu)型制造運營管(guan)理；３、醫療健康工程管(guan)理；
學(xue)院成立至(zhi)今已培養管(guan)理(li)科學(xue)與工(gong)程(cheng)碩(shuo)士、博士，物流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)碩(shuo)士畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)223名；其(qi)中(zhong)，博士研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)18人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，碩(shuo)士研(yan)究生(sheng)(sheng)205人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)（含(han)一名留學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)）；管(guan)理(li)科學(xue)與工(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)88人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，物流(liu)工(gong)程(cheng)專(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)135人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。與美國佐治亞理(li)工(gong)學(xue)院聯合培養雙碩(shuo)士學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)57名。
畢業(ye)(ye)生就業(ye)(ye)率100%，畢業(ye)(ye)生質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)優秀，榮獲2012/2013/2016年上海交通大學就業(ye)(ye)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)獎(jiang)稱號。畢業(ye)(ye)去向主要(yao)為：讀博深造、國有大中型企業(ye)(ye)、世界著名(ming)企業(ye)(ye)、重要(yao)民企、高(gao)校、黨政機(ji)關(guan)、自主創業(ye)(ye)等。
你說的(de)是渦(wo)流吧。
渦(wo)流(liu)被法國物理學家萊昂(ang)·傅科所發現。導體在(zai)非均勻磁(ci)場中(zhong)移動或處(chu)在(zai)隨時間變化的(de)磁(ci)場中(zhong)時，因渦(wo)流(liu)而導致能(neng)量(liang)損(sun)耗(hao)，渦(wo)流(liu)屬(shu)于上(shang)述情況下導體內的(de)感生的(de)電流(liu)，這種電流(liu)在(zai)導體中(zhong)形成一圈圈閉(bi)合(he)的(de)電流(liu)線。
傅科的相(xiang)關貢獻：
1845~1847年(nian)間，傅科和菲佐(zuo)合作，改進(jin)了(le)達蓋爾(er)的照相技術，并把它(ta)應用于天文攝影。
1847年，改進了惠更斯的(de)錐擺鐘，而制成(cheng)了傅(fu)科(ke)鐘，后(hou)來用它測(ce)定地球(qiu)的(de)轉動。
1848年(nian)，發現當日光(guang)通過(guo)合鈉鹽的(de)碳弧焰時(shi)，在其光(guang)譜(pu)的(de)鈉D線(xian)處，出現兩條黑(hei)線(xian)，后來知(zhi)道(dao)，這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)鈉的(de)吸收光(guang)譜(pu)。
1852年發(fa)(fa)明(ming)了回(hui)(hui)轉儀(yi)，并(bing)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了回(hui)(hui)轉羅盤效應。
1855年(nian)設計了光度(du)計。
1855年(nian)，傅科發現在(zai)磁場中的運動圓盤因電(dian)磁感應而產生(sheng)渦電(dian)流，被稱為“傅科電(dian)流”。
1857年創制了“傅科棱鏡”，用于偏振(zhen)光的(de)研究并提出用鍍(du)銀玻璃反(fan)(fan)射鏡代替金屬反(fan)(fan)射鏡。
1858年，又(you)設計了反射式望遠鏡的橢球面鏡。
1860年發(fa)明了定日(ri)鏡的跟蹤系統。
（1）按物(wu)品運動方式(shi)分類(lei)：流(liu)通業物(wu)流(liu)、制造業物(wu)流(liu)
（2）按地域(yu)范(fan)圍分類(lei)：區域(yu)物流、國(guo)內物流、國(guo)際物流
（3）物(wu)流(liu)系統(tong)按研究(jiu)對象(xiang)分類：微觀(guan)物(wu)流(liu)（企業物(wu)流(liu)）、宏觀(guan)物(wu)流(liu)（社(she)會物(wu)流(liu)）
（4）按照企業運營模式分類：第(di)一方物(wu)流、第(di)二方物(wu)流、第(di)三方物(wu)流、第(di)四方物(wu)流、第(di)五
方物流。
國(guo)際(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)研究的(de)范(fan)圍包括國(guo)際(ji)(ji)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)、非貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)、國(guo)際(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)投資、國(guo)際(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)合作、國(guo)際(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)交流(liu)等(deng)領域。其中，國(guo)際(ji)(ji)貿(mao)(mao)易(yi)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)主要是指組織貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)在國(guo)際(ji)(ji)間的(de)合理流(liu)動。
非貿易國(guo)(guo)(guo)際物流(liu)(liu)是(shi)指如(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際展覽與展品(pin)物流(liu)(liu)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)際郵政物流(liu)(liu)等;國(guo)(guo)(guo)際物流(liu)(liu)合作(zuo)是(shi)指不同(tong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)別的企業(ye)共同(tong)完成重大(da)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)際經濟(ji)技(ji)術項目的國(guo)(guo)(guo)際物.流(liu)(liu);國(guo)(guo)(guo)際物流(liu)(liu)投資(zi)是(shi)指不同(tong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)別的物流(liu)(liu)企業(ye)共同(tong)投資(zi)組建國(guo)(guo)(guo)際物流(liu)(liu)企業(ye)